Posted on: July 5th, 2022

mezzanine-debt

When hunting for acquisition financing, deal sponsors usually talk to many different types of lenders. Early on, there is less focus on the type of debt –senior debt loan vs. mezzanine debt loan, than there is on just starting lender conversations. Eventually structural discussions commence wherein the lender evaluates the capital request according to their credit criteria and their institutional risk preferences. The sponsor’s preliminary view on debt stack composition may conform to market standards, yet the lenders may have a totally different idea on how to skin the cat.

For example, in smaller middle market deals, mezzanine debt lenders often prefer to provide all the debt capital, incorporating the senior debt layer into their mezzanine debt loan. The sponsor may want a senior loan from a bank and a mezzanine loan from a mezzanine lender, but the mezzanine lender is more comfortable providing one loan which subsumes the senior debt layer into the total loan facility. Even though the mezzanine debt loan is more expensive than a senior debt loan, there are benefits to the borrower of having a one stop debt approach. The mezzanine debt lender may even call their loan facility a senior facility, even though it is a true mezzanine debt loan with respect to pricing and structure.

On the other hand, senior debt providers such as banks can provide a loan with structural similarities to a mezzanine debt loan. Banks that provide C&I loans can lend up to 3.5 times adjusted EBITDA, at much lower pricing than mezzanine lenders. The C&I loan may provide the same loan amount as a mezzanine debt loan, which is conventionally much larger than a bank loan. In this case, the bank is lending into the mezzanine debt layer, and subsumes the mezzanine layer into its debt facility without even calling it a mezzanine loan. This all-in-one structuring approach makes the line between senior debt and mezzanine debt quite ambiguous. This underscores the need to go wide in your loan sourcing process to ensure you are speaking to a sizable number of senior lenders and mezzanine debt lenders. There are pros & cons to doing a senior debt loan that includes the mezzanine layer as well as a mezzanine loan that includes the senior layer. The actual label on the loan (senior or mezzanine) matters little. The structural advantages and how the loan performs for your capital need is the key consideration.

As the Fed decides to ease interest rates, middle market acquisition financing structures will benefit in a number of ways. The underlying values of middle market companies will increase leading to a higher enterprise value and lower loan to value ratios for existing portfolio companies of acquisition financing lenders.

The role of acquisition financing is infrequently elevated above a functional transactional one. When a business needs financing to acquire, they go to the market and source acquisition financing to supplement their equity investment to close the deal. Despite existing in many different forms, acquisition financing is rarely explained in terms of the value it brings to the acquirer.

Acquisition financing underwriting usually focuses on business and financial issues that underpin the stability of cash flow. Providers of acquisition financing usually validate the durability of a company’s competitive advantage and the depth of its resource base. Environmental issues are usually not a major part of the analysis in today’s service and technology-based economy.

Is It Senior Debt or Mezzanine Debt